Give trees a healthy start
Fall and winter are excellent times to plant trees and shrubs. After leaves have fallen but before buds break in early spring, deciduous trees are dormant. When planted now, the roots will have ample time to become established before new top growth begins in spring. Evergreen trees may be planted now also.
- Make the planting hole wide but shallow, only as deep as the bottom of the root ball and two to three times as wide.
- Determine the proper planting depth by identifying the trunk’s “flare,” the place where the roots begin to branch from the trunk. The flare should be visible above the existing grade after planting. This may require planting the root ball 1 or 2 inches above ground. Planting too deep is a major cause of tree mortality.
- To keep roots from drying out, gently tamp the soil after planting to eliminate air pockets. Another way to achieve this is to backfill the soil a few inches at a time, adding water alternately to promote settling.
- It is best not to fertilize at the time of planting.
- Stake trees only when necessary (i.e., in windy locations). Studies have shown that trees that are not staked at planting develop stronger trunk and root systems. When staking, use flexible tie material that will allow some give.
- Spread a 2- to 4-inch layer of mulch around the base of the tree, making sure it doesn’t come in direct contact with the tree trunk (at least 2 inches away). The “mulch volcano” is a common but harmful practice that may damage the bark and encourage insects and disease.
- Water thoroughly after planting, applying it as a slow trickle if the root ball is very dry. After planting, keep soil moist but not soaked.
- Prune only branches damaged during planting. Allow a season of growth before substantial corrective pruning.
More information about tree planting, care and maintenance is available at www.treesaregood.com. To request a free set of tree care brochures, write to the International Society of Arboriculture at P.O. Box 3129, Champaign, IL 61826.