Globally, electronic waste (also known as “e-waste”) is one of the fastest-growing types of trash. In 2022, people worldwide threw away more than 62 billion kilograms of it. In the U.S. alone, that adds up to 21 kilograms (about 46 pounds) of e-waste per person each year. Yet only about 22% of that waste is recycled properly.

Proper battery disposal is less about danger and more about opportunity. By recycling, we can recover valuable materials, reduce waste and support reliable energy systems in our communities.

Single-use batteries are designed to be used once, then replaced. These include alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries — the common AA, AAA, C, D and 9-volt sizes used in remotes, flashlights and other small devices. Some areas allow these batteries to go in household trash, but recycling is always the better choice. Button or coin batteries (used in watches, hearing aids and car key fobs) are often lithium-based. These should never be thrown away in regular trash or recycling bins, because they can spark fires. Instead, cover the battery terminals with tape or seal them in small bags, and take them to a certified recycling facility.

The good news: safe disposal and recycling options are available, and you can help make a difference. Not all batteries are the same, and how you get rid of them depends on their components. Some batteries can be recycled easily, while others can be dangerous if tossed in the wrong place — they may leak toxic chemicals or even start fires. That’s why the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends following local rules or using national collection programs like The Battery Network, Earth911.com or drop-off bins at hardware stores to make sure batteries are handled safely.

Rechargeable batteries power many of our everyday devices — cordless tools, phones, laptops, cameras and even scooters. Types include nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), lithium-ion (Li-ion), nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH), nickel-zinc (Ni-Zn) and small sealed lead-acid batteries. While these look different, they all share one rule: never throw them in the trash. They must go to a recycling facility. For devices with built-in, non-removable batteries, recycle the entire device, making sure the battery ends are taped or bagged to prevent sparks.

Automotive and large batteries are more powerful and require special care. Lead-acid batteries, found in cars, boats, motorcycles and ATVs, contain lead and acid, which are hazardous. These should always be returned to a retailer, repair shop or a local hazardous waste program. Larger lithium-ion batteries—like those in electric vehicles (EVs) and home or utility-scale energy storage systems —are even more complex. They should only be handled by dealers, repair shops or the manufacturer. These should never be discarded in curbside waste or recycling.

Proper battery disposal is less about danger and more about opportunity. By recycling, we can recover valuable materials, reduce waste and support reliable energy systems in our communities.