Built for life above ground

In North Carolina, the most common tree squirrels are the eastern gray squirrel and southern flying squirrel. Fox squirrels are found primarily on the coast and limited mountain areas,but are expanding their range. Though similar in shape, the gray and fox squirrels differ in size and color. Gray squirrels are smaller, typically gray with white underbellies, while fox squirrels are double the size and may appear in shades of gray, brown, black or orange.

All are perfectly adapted for life in the trees. Strong hind legs power long leaps, while sharp claws grip bark with ease. Their long, bushy tails act as balancing tools, allowing quick pivots and directional changes while climbing or running. Excellent vision and strong spatial memory help them navigate complex canopies and relocate hidden food.

From forest canopies to backyard oaks

Whether in hardwood forests, river bottoms, suburban neighborhoods or city parks, squirrels can be found almost anywhere. They rely on trees for both shelter and food, building fur-lined nests (dreys) of leaves and twigs high in branches or using natural cavities.

Their diet is varied and seasonal, consisting mainly of nuts, seeds, fruits, buds and fungi. Opportunistic by nature, they may also eat bird eggs, nestlings, insects and small rodents. Known for caching food, squirrels bury nuts in scattered locations for later use. While not all are recovered, these forgotten stores often grow into new trees — making squirrels important, even if unintentional, forest planters.

Folklore and community legends

Squirrels have long symbolized preparation, resourcefulness and persistence. Their constant gathering has made them icons of foresight across cultures.

In some Southeastern Indigenous traditions, squirrels are seen as caretakers of the forest, while Pacific Northwest Coast tribes view them as messengers, warning of danger through sharp calls and restless movement. In other stories, squirrels appear as bold tricksters — noisy, curious and sometimes mischievous. One legend of the Choctaw Nation even tells of a black squirrel attempting to eat the sun during a solar eclipse.

In North Carolina, rare black or white squirrels have inspired local pride. In Brevard, the white squirrel is celebrated each year with a festival honoring this unique and beloved community symbol.

Quick, clever and full of personality, squirrels bring life to every corner of North Carolina — from quiet forests to busy neighborhoods. By protecting the trees and habitats they depend on, we ensure these lively treetop travelers continue to dart, leap and thrive for generations to come.

Visit NCWildlife.gov to learn more about these energetic woodland residents.